Scope and purpose

To gain a better sense of the scope of our efforts to achieve the quality in online instruction, it is important to consider the number of faculty we employ. From 2000 to 2010 the number of adjunct faculty teaching at the Center for distance Learning increased by 280%. In the 2010/2011 four term academic year, there were 2574 courses taught by a combination of 42 full time faculty and 654 adjunct faculty. The process of hiring and training was exhaustive in the early stages of the program. However, that was only the beginning. The process of ensuring quality instruction, student and faculty satisfaction and success, and continued growth on the part of our instructors would prove even more challenging but also extraordinarily rewarding.

To that end, we embarked on a journey to investigate the quality of instruction we had in place and subsequently to improve our training efforts in 2006. An extensive research project of a database of grievances against faculty was undertaken in 2010. In this effort, national trends of challenges with effective practice in the online learning environment became apparent at home. First and foremost, as we ultimately discovered in benchmarking, is teaching presence. The center sought to define this. This includes a minimum number of “log-ins” into the course per week, formative feedback, encouragement, and a reasonable response time to student questions, assignments and administration.

Simultaneous to this research, basic standards for online instruction were developed into a document of teaching expectations. This went through several iterations between 2005-2010. In the Fall of 2010, the center had achieved a final iteration of this that had been fully vetted by all full time faculty in the center. This document was then disseminated to all teaching faculty prior to the beginning of the January 2011 term. Incidental research data into grievances against instructors found a 30% decrease in grievances from 2005-2011, which coincides with the expectations document as well as other efforts to be described in this article. In addition, a 70% drop in incidents of low log ins was noted from the fall of 2010 to the spring of 2011, which coincides with the dissemination of the fully vetted expectations document.
As we have seen, there are a number of elements to the faculty development program. Our integrated resources provide timely information to faculty for their success. This data-driven program offers all of our online instructors with support that creates a sense of belonging to the larger CDL community, including several key highlights
• Course information and acknowledgement
• Welcome Letter and Phone Conversation
• Teaching at CDL Workshop
• Instructor Meetings
• Shadowing and Observing a Course
• Ongoing Development

At CDL, faculty development in online teaching is a broad category that must keep up with the advances in a Web 2.0, social media and trends in open learning. CDL demonstrates excellence in faculty development through an outstanding program that provides faculty with open and collaborative resources for learning in a supportive environment. Our faculty members have access to college-wide reassignment and sabbatical opportunities as well as funding to present at national and international conferences. In addition we provide collaborative opportunities for faculty to experience indirect as well as direct learning through conversations with colleagues and administrators based on best practices and student feedback. This work is further enhanced at Empire State College with an effective training program to encourage individualized mentor-based learning and teaching presence in the online environment. Faculty members share best practices through Elluminate sessions, and with open resources via our Blog Commons. In addition, as we hire new faculty in locations outside of Saratoga Springs New York, such as our new online faculty in New York City, we continue to connect colleagues through technology, such as our high-end video conferencing. Based on our one-on-one conversations with faculty and data-driven surveys, we know that our faculty are satisfied with the program and engaged with community members in this environment. We continue to assess this work through the ongoing review of our online materials and resources, and our individualized and group conversations with full-time and part-time faculty.

 

In 2006, after reviewing best practice and also concerns raised about instruction, it became apparent there was a need to put clear expectations into place for our teaching faculty.

At that time, an appointment letter was regularly sent out to those hired and rehired, stating that the employee was expected to work within the guidelines set forth by the board of trustees and the policies of the college. This important document was great for the general guidelines and missing the day to day responsibilities.

After interviewing a number of key stakeholders, and reviewing various sets of data, a set of responsibilities began to take shape.

A group of full time faculty informally reviewed and approved the document. It was then placed into the orientation for new faculty. It was a requirement that this be acknowledged in order to move forward in the orientation.

In the fall of 2010, the expectations document was formally reviewed by full time faculty. It was then sent out to all teaching faculty. In the term following the distribution of the expectations, the college saw a 70% increase in the number of log-ons for our faculty. In the time frame from 2006-2011, there was a 30% decrease in concerns raised about instruction.

This information has also been shared with students to synchronize expectations.

Following are the expectations:

Instructor Roles and Responsibilities – Abridged
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CDL expects you to play an active role in creating a positive online learning experience. Your role includes keeping student-to-student discussions focused on course content that is appropriate to the level of the course and providing substantive, timely feedback on individual and group assignments. Written assessments should include narrative summaries and commentaries as a way to engage students with the course material and help students develop the ability to evaluate and improve their own work. In some cases, a phone conversation, in addition to written feedback and documentation, might help a student grasp a difficult concept (Please see the unabridged version immediately following these 9 points).

An instructor is expected to:
• Engage in each individual course at least 3 non-consecutive days per week.
• Provide formative feedback within a maximum of 7 to 10 days of receipt.
• Respond to any student or college personnel requests within 48 hours
• Review course at least two weeks prior to student access.
• Be involved an average of 8-10 hours per week, per course for 15 weeks course
• Accommodate and work with students with disabilities
• Maintain regular course communication
• Maintain accurate student course records
• Submit any necessary administrative paperwork

Instructor Role and Responsibilities- Unabridged
________________________________________
CDL expects you to play an active role in creating a positive online learning experience. Your role includes keeping student-to-student discussions focused on course content that is appropriate to the level of the course and providing substantive, timely feedback on individual and group assignments. Written assessments should include narrative summaries and commentaries as a way to engage students with the course material and help them develop the ability to evaluate and improve their own work. In some cases, a phone conversation, in addition to written feedback and documentation, might help a student grasp a difficult concept. Generally, the educational expectations CDL has for the Instructor include:

1. Set the stage for the study, establish rapport, and clarify your expectations of the students

2. Maintain regular social and teaching presence to create a positive online learning community.

3. Provide substantive and timely feedback on discussions and academic work submitted by the student.

4. Facilitate student-to-student discussion to enhance individual learning.

5. Stimulate reflection and critical thinking on the part of the student.

6. Encourage the student to engage with the material and produce his/her best work.

7. Acquaint students with excellence in the field helping him/her learn to judge quality of his/her own work.

8. Help the student make relevant connections between the course work and his/her personal and professional interests and experience.

9. Extend the learning beyond the course material where appropriate.

10. Satisfactorily bring the study to closure and write an individualized final narrative evaluation of the student’s academic performance in the course which promotes learning and areas for further development.

These guidelines reflect generalized expectations that Center for Distance Learning holds for all of its instructors. Depending upon the structure and content of your course, your Area Coordinator may require slight deviations from these guidelines.

BEFORE THE TERM
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Course Preparation – Review course readings/related material, course information, modules, links, and special features, learning activities, etc. Prepare course at least two weeks before students enter the course: make updates to contact information; provide dates to course schedule; add a course announcement and prepare your introduction and ‘Welcome!’ to students. [Note: under special circumstances, a course may not be available the typical 3-4 weeks before the term starts, if there is a special case, it is expected that information will be updated in a reasonable time frame.]

DURING THE TERM
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“Virtual” Classroom Activity – Instructor’s time commitment to one course, during the term, should be, approximately an average of 8-10 hours per week for 15 weeks (this may vary depending on course structure, schedule, discussions and assignments and does not include time for preparation before the term begins nor does it include time for submitting final outcomes, evaluations and grades after the term ends). An instructor’s time commitment includes but is not limited to evaluating papers, engaging in the course as described above, posting announcements, providing responding to private folders and/or course mail, answering questions, reviewing course materials, supporting students, etc. An instructor is expected to accommodate and work with students with disabilities; an instructor will receive formal notification of students requesting special accommodations.
• Engagement in the course – Engage in the course at least 3 times a week. Engaging students includes answering inquiries at each log-on; facilitating and monitoring discussions; establishing teaching presence. Many instructors will log in daily to cut down on longer, less frequent logins.
• Feedback to students – Provide prompt constructive formative assignment feedback. How long should it take to return an assignment? Clearly, no single answer can be given since a range of factors affect turnaround — the number of assignments on any one occasion, the time you have available, the need for a considered and helpful response to each assignment. However, we expect a normal turnaround to take place within 7 to 10 days of receipt of the assignment due date. If the assignment is submitted late, then feedback should be provided 7 to 10 days from submission. It is especially important to return the first course assignment quickly since students may otherwise have no sense of how well they are doing and lose motivation. If circumstances arise which prevent your timely return of assignments, contact your Area Coordinator immediately.
• Course Communication – Maintain regular course communication such as: posting regular course announcements; posing questions/objectives and outside resources in discussion areas; responding to student posts regularly; checking emails; in-course email; private folders; and ask-a-question areas. Clearly identify the instructor’s preferred mode of communication.
• Applying learning theory – Using sound pedagogical practices to stimulate a student’s learning and critical thinking through such items as evaluative comments, discussion posts, and other interaction in the course.
• Administer the course- Maintain accurate student course records on attendance, assignments, discussions, special projects, etc.; utilize academic supports (such as SMARTHINKING, peer tutoring, and academic assistance tickets) when needed; responding to queries from student service professionals and other college personnel, etc. When a situation occurs which prohibits your ability to meet these expectations, contact the course AC/AAC or student services as soon as possible.

END OF TERM
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• Judgment on student outcome – Complete and submit final course outcomes, evaluations and grades as appropriate for each student no later than the dates identified on the College’s term calendar (www.esc.edu/termcalendar).
• Manage incompletes – Grading completed work, submitting final course evaluations and grades).

ON-GOING
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Stay connected with your Area Coordinator, the ANGEL CDL faculty website, the GREAT Gateway, and regularly checking your email account for queries, CDL announcements, updates, news, requests, training and development opportunities, etc.

• Respond to any student or college personnel requests within two business days.
• It is good practice to document any student contact outside the course (e.g., phone calls, email)and retain all student/instructor communications in the course for archival purposes;
• Discuss student issues with your area coordinator or a CDL student service professional as appropriate;
• Submit necessary paperwork, reports, or submissions (i.e. attendance) as requested and/or required.
• Keep your contact information updated with the college.
• Complete training, workshops, or professional development as necessary.

 

Teaching Online at ESC

Teaching Online at CDL. This outstanding online orientation has been designed by Student and Academic Services and has kept pace with current research in the field. After surveying faculty who had been through the program in the previous year, we learned that 87% believed they were prepared to teach after completing the orientation, more over, 92% were satisfied with the training experience (Caso/Hiemstra). In addition, conversations with faculty about teaching online continue to be supportive and collegial. The responsiveness of our instructors has been impressive as a result of our community building efforts. We often have an immediate response rate to queries that exceeds 80%. This resource is open to all instructors who are teaching online at CDL and throughout Empire State College.

The Teaching Online at CDL orientation modules provide an overview of the college, including the college culture and philosophy. We also examine the dynamics of online pedagogy with our adult learner population. In addition, we present details on how to be successful with a variety of tools and scenarios and several topics are explored, including: An Introduction to Empire State College and the Center for Distance Learning; Completing the Workshop Successfully; Adult Learning; Online Learning; Teaching with ANGEL; Effective Practices for Teaching and Managing Your Course ; and Culminating Workshop Activities. We provide effective practice tips from our veteran adjuncts in a dynamic video format. All of these topics are aligned with the expectations document that all instructors are required to read and discuss with their trainer. All new faculty members, including part-time and adjunct instructors participate in this online orientation to establish early support and preparation for everyone engaged in teaching online.

 

In this part of the program, the new faculty observe veteran faculty in an online course. This approach also provides an opportunity for the faculty to engage with each other and discuss experiences and answer questions. The shadowing and observations are done in a pre-term experience, prior to the first term of the faculty member teaching their first online course.

 

Our instructor web-meetings provide faculty members an opportunity  to learn about and share effective practices to be successful teaching online.   Although initially cohort-based for new faculty, this format has gained popularity among a broader population of faculty. The instructor meetings include new and long-time faculty from across academic programs and are offered in a three-part series each term:    (1) Pre-Term Meeting-Preparing for Your Course, Establishing Rapport with Students,  and Teaching Presence;  (2) During Term Meeting- Managing Student Attendance, Promoting Student Success, Communicating with Students,  Effective Formative Feedback Practices and Providing Academic Support; (3) End of Term Meeting – Evaluating Student Success,  Submitting Final Outcomes,  Managing Incompletes and Writing Narrative Evaluations. All of the topics relate to the expectations document that faculty are familiar with by this time in the program.

In addition to these meetings, the adjuncts are organized into cohorts via Area of Study (AOS) teams. This strategic organization enables our instructors to connect directly with other adjuncts they may learn best practice from as well as ask specific questions which pertain to the AOS.

 

Faculty Resource Area

This asynchronous online space is currently being re-designed as an open resource of all instructors. This resource provides just in time information that faculty need throughout the term, including FAQs as well as links to college-wide resources and information about workshops and other faculty development resources.

 

Newsletter/blog

Academic Services publishes a newsletter/blog to keep faculty informed of current trends, policy changes and updates on colleagues. Our newsletter is available in an open blog space where all faculty members have the opportunity to comment and engage with each other on the topics.

 

Ongoing development

Our faculty clearly told us, in response to a survey in 2009, that had an 80% response rate, they had preferred modes of learning. 82% preferred reading new information for development and 62% preferred webinars. This information has been utilized in the design of new approaches and resulted in a more enhanced static resource area for faculty as well as regular offerings of webinars. This program was developed further with input from instructors.

Each component of our faculty development program contributes to an ongoing and reflective process for preparing our instructors for online teaching while building a participatory community of practitioners. Through our collaborative experience with faculty development, we have learned that instructors are primarily interested in developing strategies for maintaining teaching presence and building one-on-one mentor relationships with their students. The online environment is in a constant state of flux, especially with the ongoing emergence of new technologies. We provide a range of resources for our instructors to balance all of these concerns through our integrated faculty development efforts. For example, our new courses at CDL include Instructor Notes, which are informational materials written specifically for instructors for learning the new teaching tools and resources. We provide these instructional materials to instructors to advance their technology skills so they are better prepared for teaching online. Since these resources are available to instructors in an asynchronous mode in all of our courses, our faculty members have the flexibility to access these materials at any time, supporting our formal Teaching at CDL modules, while providing immediate access to information within the online course environment. We have found that these resources better prepare our faculty, while supporting their own technology literacy, and opening more time they are able to spend with students on course materials and interaction within the online learning environment.

 

Our development series, “Wednesday Webinars” is available to all instructors at CDL and throughout Empire State College.    The monthly development webinars primary purpose is to offer an opportunity for colleagues across the college to share knowledge, expertise, innovation, effective practices, or useful tools with other faculty.      Here is a list of some of the topics we have covered over the last few years:

  • Formative Feedback and Assessment:  Sharing Practices
  • Academic Support:  Tools to promote student success
  • Evaluating Discussions
  • Creating Video Objects for Your Course
  • Technolgy in Action:  Collaboration Tools for Team Projects
  • Accommodating Student Disability Requests – Understanding Your Role
  • Academic Integrity and Plagiarism
  • Using the Socratic Method to Facilitate Discussions
  • Teaching Presence
  • Expectations and Student Success
  • Managing Student Conduct
  • and more!

 In a survey from 2010, the center discovered that adjuncts were doing a lot of extra work to resolve academic issues with students. Nearly 80% of instructors demonstrated their commitment to our students by spending a lot of additional time with them on assignment revisions, instead of referring for assistance to academic support.  The Wednesday Webinar series emphasized the importance of instructors utilizing the supports available to them, including peer tutors in online courses, a collaborative effort between faculty development, academic services and academic support, which was an award winning program in 2010.  All of these services bring the instructor into the community (http://www.esc.edu/learningsupport).

 

This conference is available to all faculty at CDL and the keynote address and several key segments are available online via synchronous video stream. This year, the attendance at the 6th Annual CDL Conference increase significantly since it started, with over 200 adjunct faculty, full-time faculty and professionals attending in 2011.This has helped to improve a sense of community among all of our stakeholders while providing us with a chance to showcase the work of our Adjuncts and to share best practices for teaching online. Although initially intended for adjunct faculty exclusively, the CDL Conference now connects with people across the college and to a national and international audience due to our high-end live video streaming of the keynote address and presentations. In addition, the conference has expanded to include a Mentors (advisors) retreat to discuss the best practice. Most notable, is the keynote of national notoriety and the peer interactions of our faculty community through outstanding presentations on topics related to innovative online teaching practices.